{"id":2271,"date":"2019-09-06T08:54:03","date_gmt":"2019-09-06T05:54:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cse-net.org\/the-ground-breaking-french-law-that-challenge-multi-nationals-for-their-transparency-on-sustainability-and-cr-issues-in-their-supply-chains\/"},"modified":"2023-12-07T18:08:32","modified_gmt":"2023-12-07T15:08:32","slug":"the-ground-breaking-french-law-that-challenge-multi-nationals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cse-net.org\/fr\/la-loi-francaise-innovante-qui-defie-les-multi-nationaux\/","title":{"rendered":"La loi fran\u00e7aise innovante qui met au d\u00e9fi les multinationales de faire preuve de transparence en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9veloppement durable et de responsabilit\u00e9 sociale dans leurs cha\u00eenes d'approvisionnement."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nikos Avlonas<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e9sident et fondateur du Centre pour la durabilit\u00e9 et l'excellence (CSE)<\/p>\n<p>Au cours de notre vie, une pl\u00e9thore de produits sont fabriqu\u00e9s dans des pays lointains, dans des conditions qui nous sont inconnues, qu'il s'agisse de v\u00eatements ou d'appareils \u00e9lectriques. De graves probl\u00e8mes sont identifi\u00e9s dans les cha\u00eenes d'approvisionnement multinationales qui op\u00e8rent \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle mondiale, en particulier dans les domaines de la violation des droits de l'homme et des droits fondamentaux, de la sant\u00e9 et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des personnes, ainsi que de l'environnement.<\/p>\n<p>Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 prouv\u00e9, par exemple, que les conditions de travail dans la cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement peuvent \u00eatre d\u00e9crites par des conditions de travail difficiles et des pressions pour r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts de main-d'\u0153uvre, des violations fr\u00e9quentes des droits de l'homme, l'application du travail suppl\u00e9mentaire, le travail des enfants, la discrimination, le harc\u00e8lement sexuel, l'exposition \u00e0 des substances toxiques et les sanctions impos\u00e9es aux travailleurs qui tentent de former des syndicats.<\/p>\n<p>Malheureusement, peu de lois nationales ont \u00e9t\u00e9 introduites pour mettre fin \u00e0 ces pratiques, \u00e0 l'exception de la France, o\u00f9 une loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 vot\u00e9e en 2017 qui engage les entreprises \u00e0 respecter des obligations l\u00e9gales envers leurs filiales et leurs fournisseurs en cas de violations des droits de l'homme et de destruction de l'environnement. La loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduite apr\u00e8s une s\u00e9rie d'\u00e9v\u00e9nements graves qui ont suscit\u00e9 l'indignation du public international, comme l'effondrement du Rana Plaza et les incendies dans les usines du Bangladesh et du Pakistan, qui ont caus\u00e9 la mort de plus de 1 500 personnes.<\/p>\n<p>La nouvelle loi fran\u00e7aise applique la<em> d'entreprise<\/em> <em>devoir<\/em> <em>de<\/em> <em>vigilance<\/em> Cette loi reconna\u00eet la responsabilit\u00e9 juridique des entreprises, une responsabilit\u00e9 qui s'\u00e9tend \u00e0 leurs situations d'externalisation, \u00e0 leurs filiales, \u00e0 leurs sous-traitants et \u00e0 leurs fournisseurs en cas de violation des droits de l'homme et d'incidences n\u00e9gatives sur l'environnement. Parall\u00e8lement, la loi aborde la complexit\u00e9 juridique des entreprises multinationales, ainsi que les diff\u00e9rentes relations commerciales dans lesquelles elles peuvent \u00eatre impliqu\u00e9es avec d'autres partenaires.<\/p>\n<p>La loi, qui est le fruit du travail de campagnes publiques \u00e0 long terme, est un grand pas en avant et plus particuli\u00e8rement dans la lutte contre l'absence de cons\u00e9quences et de sanctions pour les multinationales et autres entreprises qui violent les droits de leurs travailleurs, les communaut\u00e9s locales dans lesquelles elles op\u00e8rent et la pollution qu'elles cr\u00e9ent au niveau mondial. Malgr\u00e9 cela, le secteur priv\u00e9 a exerc\u00e9 une forte pression contre la loi, ce qui a retard\u00e9 son adoption et, \u00e0 certains \u00e9gards, r\u00e9duit le contexte dans lequel elle pourrait \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e (par exemple, l'article concernant les lourdes p\u00e9nalit\u00e9s impos\u00e9es aux PDG d'entreprises a \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9).<\/p>\n<p>Il n'en reste pas moins que cette loi a jet\u00e9 les bases d'une l\u00e9gislation internationale plus contraignante et a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 des n\u00e9gociations aux Nations unies sur la cr\u00e9ation d'un instrument international juridiquement contraignant impliquant les entreprises multinationales dans le plein respect des droits de l'homme et d'autres sujets li\u00e9s \u00e0 la responsabilit\u00e9 sociale des entreprises.<\/p>\n<p>Malheureusement, il n'existe pas beaucoup de lois similaires dans le reste du monde. Les gouvernements sont souvent r\u00e9ticents \u00e0 r\u00e9glementer le fonctionnement des entreprises multinationales dans leurs cha\u00eenes d'approvisionnement mondiales. Pourtant, de telles dispositions seraient \u00e0 la fois b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques et rentables pour les entreprises qui veulent bien faire, sans que cela signifie qu'elles seront d\u00e9pass\u00e9es par leurs concurrents qui ne le font pas. Un exemple de ce type est <strong>Pomme<\/strong> qui conna\u00eet de graves probl\u00e8mes de non-respect des bonnes pratiques de travail en Chine.<\/p>\n<p>Dans le contexte d'un march\u00e9 mondial, les entreprises sont d\u00e9sormais jug\u00e9es et \u00e9valu\u00e9es en fonction du respect qu'elles ont manifest\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des principes globaux de la responsabilit\u00e9 sociale et environnementale, ainsi qu'\u00e0 l'\u00e9gard de toutes les parties int\u00e9ress\u00e9es. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 prouv\u00e9 que les entreprises \u00e9thiques qui op\u00e8rent de mani\u00e8re transparente sont r\u00e9compens\u00e9es par les clients et les consommateurs, ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 par des enqu\u00eates mondiales.<\/p>\n<p>Il est possible que l'initiative de la France serve d'exemple \u00e0 d'autres pays avanc\u00e9s pour promulguer leurs propres lois, mais ce qu'il faut, c'est une l\u00e9gislation mondiale, contraignante et pas seulement une recommandation, une norme mondiale pour la protection des droits de l'homme dans les cha\u00eenes d'approvisionnement. Dans cette optique, l'Organisation internationale du travail a l'intention de cr\u00e9er un nouveau trait\u00e9 multinational. L'objectif est de renforcer et d'obliger les multinationales et autres organisations \u00e0 \u00eatre responsables de leurs sous-traitants, en particulier dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement, afin de promouvoir une entreprise durable.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nikos Avlonas President and Founder of Center of Sustainability and Excellence (CSE) During our lifetime there is a plethora of products that are produced in far way countries in conditions that are unknown to us \u2013 from clothing to electrical devices. Serious issues are being identified in multi-national supply chains that have global operations, particularly [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":2272,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,33,34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-corporate-sustainability","category-sustainability"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The ground-breaking French Law that challenge Multi-nationals for their transparency on Sustainability and CR issues in their Supply Chains - Center for Sustainbability &amp; Excellence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The ground-breaking French Law that challenge Multi-nationals for their transparency on Sustainability and CR issues in their Supply Chains\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cse-net.org\/fr\/la-loi-francaise-innovante-qui-defie-les-multi-nationaux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The ground-breaking French Law that challenge Multi-nationals for their transparency on Sustainability and CR issues in their Supply Chains - Center for Sustainbability &amp; 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