{"id":13576,"date":"2025-07-23T13:30:05","date_gmt":"2025-07-23T10:30:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cse-net.org\/?p=13576"},"modified":"2025-07-22T15:45:13","modified_gmt":"2025-07-22T12:45:13","slug":"renewable-fuels-low-carbon-us-economy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cse-net.org\/fr\/renewable-fuels-low-carbon-us-economy\/","title":{"rendered":"Les carburants renouvelables ouvrent la voie \u00e0 une \u00e9conomie am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission de carbone"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"600\" data-end=\"1078\">Les \u00c9tats-Unis poursuivent leurs efforts pour mettre en place une \u00e9conomie \u00e0 faibles \u00e9missions de carbone, les carburants renouvelables apparaissant comme un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9 de cette transformation. De l'\u00e9thanol au biodiesel en passant par les carburants durables pour l'aviation et les options synth\u00e9tiques, ces carburants r\u00e9duisent les \u00e9missions, renforcent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et soutiennent les \u00e9conomies rurales. Alors que le paysage \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique \u00e9volue, les carburants renouvelables offrent une solution pragmatique et imm\u00e9diate pour d\u00e9carboniser les secteurs o\u00f9 l'\u00e9lectrification se heurte \u00e0 des obstacles.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1080\" data-end=\"1130\"><\/h3>\n<h3 data-start=\"1080\" data-end=\"1130\">Pourquoi les carburants renouvelables sont-ils importants pour l'\u00e9conomie am\u00e9ricaine ?<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1132\" data-end=\"1562\">Les \u00c9tats-Unis se sont fix\u00e9 comme objectif national d'atteindre les objectifs suivants <strong data-start=\"1178\" data-end=\"1229\">des \u00e9missions nettes de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (GES) nulles d'ici \u00e0 2050<\/strong>, \u00e9nonc\u00e9e dans la <strong data-start=\"1247\" data-end=\"1357\"><a class=\"cursor-pointer\" href=\"https:\/\/bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/US-Long-Term-Strategy.pdf\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1249\" data-end=\"1355\">Strat\u00e9gie \u00e0 long terme des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/a><\/strong>. Pour atteindre cet objectif, il faut non seulement passer massivement \u00e0 l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 renouvelable, mais aussi d\u00e9carboniser les combustibles liquides, qui restent essentiels pour les transports, l'aviation, la navigation et l'industrie lourde.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1564\" data-end=\"1916\"><strong data-start=\"1564\" data-end=\"1659\"><a class=\"cursor-pointer\" href=\"https:\/\/trellis.net\/topics\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1566\" data-end=\"1657\">GreenBiz<\/a><\/strong> met l'accent sur le fait que les carburants renouvelables compl\u00e8tent l'\u00e9lectrification en offrant des solutions de remplacement \u00e0 faible teneur en carbone pour les moteurs \u00e0 combustion existants. Cette double strat\u00e9gie garantit que les r\u00e9ductions d'\u00e9missions peuvent avoir lieu d\u00e8s maintenant plut\u00f4t que d'attendre des d\u00e9cennies pour une \u00e9lectrification compl\u00e8te.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"1918\" data-end=\"1953\"><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"1918\" data-end=\"1953\">Principaux types de carburants renouvelables<\/h3>\n<h4 data-start=\"1955\" data-end=\"1985\">\u00c9thanol et m\u00e9langes d'\u00e9thanol<\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"1987\" data-end=\"2400\">L'\u00e9thanol, principalement d\u00e9riv\u00e9 du ma\u00efs, est largement m\u00e9lang\u00e9 \u00e0 l'essence pour r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions. <strong data-start=\"2075\" data-end=\"2082\">E15<\/strong> et <strong data-start=\"2087\" data-end=\"2094\">E85<\/strong> Les m\u00e9langes contenant respectivement 15% et 85% d'\u00e9thanol peuvent r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre d'un maximum de <strong data-start=\"2179\" data-end=\"2220\">43% par rapport \u00e0 l'essence conventionnelle<\/strong>. Les <a href=\"https:\/\/afdc.energy.gov\/fuels\/ethanol-benefits\"><strong data-start=\"2226\" data-end=\"2316\">D\u00e9partement de l'\u00e9nergie des \u00c9tats-Unis (DOE)<\/strong><\/a> identifie l'\u00e9thanol comme une alternative de combustion plus propre qui am\u00e9liore \u00e9galement la qualit\u00e9 de l'air.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2402\" data-end=\"2626\"><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.nrel.gov\/docs\/fy21osti\/76696.pdf\">Recherche<\/a> L'\u00e9valuation du captage et de l'utilisation du carbone (CCU) dans les installations de production d'\u00e9thanol \u00e0 partir de ma\u00efs indique un potentiel de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre. <strong data-start=\"108\" data-end=\"138\">une intensit\u00e9 de carbone proche de z\u00e9ro<\/strong> (autour de <strong data-start=\"147\" data-end=\"162\">1 g CO\u2082e\/MJ<\/strong>) lorsqu'ils sont associ\u00e9s \u00e0 de l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 renouvelable (telle que l'\u00e9nergie \u00e9olienne). En utilisant l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau actuel du Midwest, les \u00e9missions sur l'ensemble du cycle de vie restent plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es (331-531 g CO\u2082e\/MJ), mais le passage \u00e0 un m\u00e9lange d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 renouvelable et d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 hors r\u00e9seau permet de r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions d'un tiers. <strong data-start=\"362\" data-end=\"397\" data-is-last-node=\"\">42% R\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre dues \u00e0 l'essence.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"2628\" data-end=\"2662\">Biodiesel et diesel renouvelable<\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"2664\" data-end=\"2987\"><a href=\"https:\/\/afdc.energy.gov\/files\/u\/publication\/biodiesel_basics.pdf\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"13\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Biodiesel<\/strong><\/a>d\u00e9riv\u00e9s d'huile de soja, de graisses de cuisson recycl\u00e9es et de graisses animales, peuvent r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre pendant leur cycle de vie d'environ 1,5 million d'euros. <strong data-start=\"132\" data-end=\"139\">74%<\/strong>et jusqu'\u00e0 <strong data-start=\"151\" data-end=\"158\">86%<\/strong> lors de l'utilisation de d\u00e9chets ou de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res \u00e0 base de graisse.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"2989\" data-end=\"3024\">Carburant aviation durable (SAF)<\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"3026\" data-end=\"3470\">L'industrie a\u00e9ronautique investit de plus en plus dans <strong data-start=\"3077\" data-end=\"3179\"><a class=\"cursor-pointer\" href=\"https:\/\/afdc.energy.gov\/fuels\/sustainable-aviation-fuel\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3079\" data-end=\"3177\">Carburant aviation durable (SAF)<\/a><\/strong>qui peut r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de l'aviation jusqu'\u00e0 80%. Les compagnies a\u00e9riennes comme <strong data-start=\"3244\" data-end=\"3254\">Unis<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"3256\" data-end=\"3267\">JetBlue<\/strong>et <strong data-start=\"3273\" data-end=\"3286\">Sud-ouest<\/strong> ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 utiliser les SAF dans les principales plates-formes de correspondance, notamment \u00e0 JFK et \u00e0 Chicago Midway, comme l'indique le pr\u00e9sent document. <strong data-start=\"3386\" data-end=\"3469\"><a class=\"cursor-pointer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3388\" data-end=\"3467\">aper\u00e7u des biocarburants pour l'aviation<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"3472\" data-end=\"3504\">Carburants avanc\u00e9s et synth\u00e9tiques<\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"3506\" data-end=\"3928\">Les biocarburants avanc\u00e9s et les carburants synth\u00e9tiques produits par <strong data-start=\"3561\" data-end=\"3586\">Power-to-Liquid (PtL)<\/strong> gagnent du terrain. Ces carburants combinent le CO\u2082 captur\u00e9 avec de l'hydrog\u00e8ne vert pour cr\u00e9er des alternatives neutres en carbone. La recherche publi\u00e9e dans <strong data-start=\"3731\" data-end=\"3781\"><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2305.00946\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3733\" data-end=\"3779\">cette \u00e9tude<\/a><\/strong> met en \u00e9vidence le potentiel du couplage des sources d'\u00e9nergie renouvelables ou nucl\u00e9aires avec la production de carburants synth\u00e9tiques pour fournir des solutions \u00e9volutives et \u00e0 faible teneur en carbone.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"3930\" data-end=\"3971\"><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"3930\" data-end=\"3971\">Les moteurs de la transition<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3973\" data-end=\"4305\">La politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale est un catalyseur important. La politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale est un catalyseur important. <strong data-start=\"4019\" data-end=\"4197\"><a class=\"cursor-pointer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-01\/2-us-treasury-ie-ira-jan-2023.pdf\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"4021\" data-end=\"4195\">Loi sur la r\u00e9duction de l'inflation (IRA)<\/a><\/strong>Adopt\u00e9e en 2022, la loi sur l'immigration et la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (LIPR) impose \u00e0 plus de <strong data-start=\"4228\" data-end=\"4244\">$369 milliard<\/strong> dans les initiatives relatives \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et au climat. Il s'agit notamment de<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4307\" data-end=\"4555\">\n<li data-start=\"4307\" data-end=\"4375\">\n<p data-start=\"4309\" data-end=\"4375\">Cr\u00e9dits d'imp\u00f4t pour <strong data-start=\"4325\" data-end=\"4354\">production d'hydrog\u00e8ne propre<\/strong> via la section <strong data-start=\"4367\" data-end=\"4374\">45V<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4376\" data-end=\"4434\">\n<p data-start=\"4378\" data-end=\"4434\">Mesures d'incitation pour <strong data-start=\"4393\" data-end=\"4433\">la production durable de carburant pour l'aviation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4435\" data-end=\"4504\">\n<p data-start=\"4437\" data-end=\"4504\">Investissements dans <strong data-start=\"4452\" data-end=\"4503\">le captage, l'utilisation et le stockage du carbone (CCUS)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4505\" data-end=\"4555\">\n<p data-start=\"4507\" data-end=\"4555\">Financement de <strong data-start=\"4519\" data-end=\"4554\">am\u00e9lioration de l'infrastructure des biocarburants<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4557\" data-end=\"4949\">Au niveau de l'\u00c9tat, des politiques telles que celle de la Californie <strong data-start=\"4604\" data-end=\"4708\"><a class=\"cursor-pointer\" href=\"https:\/\/ww2.arb.ca.gov\/our-work\/programs\/low-carbon-fuel-standard\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"4606\" data-end=\"4706\">Norme sur les carburants \u00e0 faible teneur en carbone (LCFS)<\/a><\/strong> et le soutien de l'Iowa au m\u00e9lange d'\u00e9thanol et de biodiesel ont acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 le d\u00e9ploiement des carburants renouvelables.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"4951\" data-end=\"4989\"><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"4951\" data-end=\"4989\">Avantages environnementaux et \u00e9conomiques<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4991\" data-end=\"5059\">Le d\u00e9ploiement de carburants renouvelables pr\u00e9sente des avantages qui vont au-del\u00e0 de la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de carbone :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5061\" data-end=\"5450\">\n<li data-start=\"5061\" data-end=\"5227\">\n<p data-start=\"5063\" data-end=\"5227\"><strong data-start=\"5063\" data-end=\"5079\">Cr\u00e9ation d'emplois<\/strong>: L'industrie des biocarburants soutient plus de <strong data-start=\"5116\" data-end=\"5138\">65 000 emplois directs<\/strong>principalement dans les r\u00e9gions rurales, en ajoutant de la valeur aux produits agricoles et aux flux de d\u00e9chets.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5228\" data-end=\"5347\">\n<p data-start=\"5230\" data-end=\"5347\"><strong data-start=\"5230\" data-end=\"5249\">S\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique<\/strong>: Les carburants renouvelables r\u00e9duisent la d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard des importations de p\u00e9trole, stabilisant ainsi l'approvisionnement \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique national.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5348\" data-end=\"5450\">\n<p data-start=\"5350\" data-end=\"5450\"><strong data-start=\"5350\" data-end=\"5365\">Qualit\u00e9 de l'air<\/strong>: Les combustibles plus propres contribuent \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les polluants \u00e0 l'origine du smog et des maladies respiratoires.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"5452\" data-end=\"5714\">En outre, le <strong data-start=\"5466\" data-end=\"5563\"><a class=\"cursor-pointer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/eere\/bioenergy\/bioenergy-basics\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"5468\" data-end=\"5561\">Bureau des technologies bio\u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques du minist\u00e8re de l'\u00e9nergie<\/a><\/strong> pr\u00e9voit que les carburants renouvelables pourraient remplacer jusqu'\u00e0 <strong data-start=\"5614\" data-end=\"5659\">30% de la consommation am\u00e9ricaine de p\u00e9trole d'ici 2050<\/strong>r\u00e9duisant ainsi consid\u00e9rablement les \u00e9missions dues au transport.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"5716\" data-end=\"5740\"><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"5716\" data-end=\"5740\">D\u00e9fis \u00e0 relever<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5742\" data-end=\"5788\">Malgr\u00e9 les promesses, plusieurs obstacles subsistent :<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5790\" data-end=\"6201\">\n<li data-start=\"5790\" data-end=\"5915\">\n<p data-start=\"5792\" data-end=\"5915\"><strong data-start=\"5792\" data-end=\"5820\">Durabilit\u00e9 des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res<\/strong>: Il est essentiel de trouver un \u00e9quilibre entre la production de biocarburants et les contraintes li\u00e9es \u00e0 l'approvisionnement en denr\u00e9es alimentaires et \u00e0 l'utilisation des sols.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5916\" data-end=\"6063\">\n<p data-start=\"5918\" data-end=\"6063\"><strong data-start=\"5918\" data-end=\"5948\">Limites de l'infrastructure<\/strong>: Les m\u00e9langes tels que l'E85 n\u00e9cessitent des infrastructures de ravitaillement sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es, tandis que la demande de SAF d\u00e9passe la capacit\u00e9 de production actuelle.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6064\" data-end=\"6201\">\n<p data-start=\"6066\" data-end=\"6201\"><strong data-start=\"6066\" data-end=\"6086\">Stabilit\u00e9 des politiques<\/strong>: Les investisseurs recherchent la certitude ; l'extension des incitations de l'IRA et l'\u00e9tablissement de normes f\u00e9d\u00e9rales durables peuvent soutenir la croissance.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-start=\"6203\" data-end=\"6235\"><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"6203\" data-end=\"6235\">Strat\u00e9gies pour accro\u00eetre l'impact<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"6237\" data-end=\"6304\">Pour exploiter pleinement le potentiel des carburants renouvelables, les \u00c9tats-Unis doivent.. :<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"6306\" data-end=\"6848\">\n<li data-start=\"6306\" data-end=\"6434\">\n<p data-start=\"6309\" data-end=\"6434\"><strong data-start=\"6309\" data-end=\"6342\">Prolonger les cr\u00e9dits d'imp\u00f4t pour les carburants propres<\/strong>: Les cr\u00e9dits de prolongation tels que <a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/crs_external_products\/IF\/PDF\/IF12502\/IF12502.4.pdf\"><strong data-start=\"6371\" data-end=\"6399\">45Z pour les carburants \u00e0 faible teneur en carbone<\/strong><\/a> maintiendra la confiance des investisseurs.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6435\" data-end=\"6563\">\n<p data-start=\"6438\" data-end=\"6563\"><strong data-start=\"6438\" data-end=\"6474\">Soutenir la recherche et le d\u00e9veloppement<\/strong>: Renforcer la R&amp;D dans les <strong data-start=\"6493\" data-end=\"6517\">efficacit\u00e9 des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res<\/strong> et <strong data-start=\"6522\" data-end=\"6541\">combustibles synth\u00e9tiques<\/strong> peut faire baisser les co\u00fbts.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6564\" data-end=\"6678\">\n<p data-start=\"6567\" data-end=\"6678\"><strong data-start=\"6567\" data-end=\"6598\">Promouvoir les normes \u00e9tablies par l'\u00c9tat<\/strong>: Encourager davantage d'\u00c9tats \u00e0 adopter des programmes de type LCFS peut \u00e9largir la demande du march\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6679\" data-end=\"6848\">\n<p data-start=\"6682\" data-end=\"6848\"><strong data-start=\"6682\" data-end=\"6721\">Promouvoir les partenariats public-priv\u00e9<\/strong>: La collaboration entre le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, les universit\u00e9s et le secteur priv\u00e9 peut acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer l'innovation et la commercialisation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 data-start=\"6850\" data-end=\"6867\"><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"6850\" data-end=\"6867\">Le chemin \u00e0 parcourir<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"6869\" data-end=\"7154\">Les carburants renouvelables ne sont plus une solution de niche : ils sont essentiels pour atteindre les objectifs climatiques et construire une \u00e9conomie durable. <strong data-start=\"6977\" data-end=\"7004\">\u00e9conomie am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission de carbone<\/strong>. Ils offrent un moyen imm\u00e9diat et pratique de r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions dans les secteurs difficiles \u00e0 \u00e9lectrifier tout en soutenant l'emploi, l'innovation et la r\u00e9silience \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"7156\" data-end=\"7464\">Pour <strong data-start=\"7160\" data-end=\"7192\">les professionnels du d\u00e9veloppement durable<\/strong>Dans ce contexte, il est essentiel de se tenir inform\u00e9 de l'\u00e9volution des carburants renouvelables pour \u00e9laborer des strat\u00e9gies ESG solides. L'int\u00e9gration des carburants renouvelables dans les feuilles de route en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9veloppement durable peut aider les organisations \u00e0 respecter leurs engagements en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions et \u00e0 contribuer au mouvement plus large de d\u00e9carbonisation.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"7466\" data-end=\"7814\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Pour approfondir l'expertise et naviguer efficacement dans ces tendances, envisagez de vous inscrire \u00e0 notre programme de formation en ligne. <strong data-start=\"7551\" data-end=\"7680\"><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/cse-net.org\/fr\/trainings\/usa-sustainability-esg-course-cohort3-2\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"7553\" data-end=\"7678\">Programme des praticiens certifi\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9veloppement durable (ESG)<\/a><\/strong>. Ce programme fournit aux professionnels les outils et les connaissances n\u00e9cessaires pour mener \u00e0 bien les efforts de d\u00e9veloppement durable dans un paysage \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique en \u00e9volution rapide.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"7466\" data-end=\"7814\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The United States is advancing its efforts to build a low-carbon economy, with renewable fuels emerging as a key enabler of this transformation. From ethanol and biodiesel to sustainable aviation fuels and synthetic options, these fuels are reducing emissions, strengthening energy security, and supporting rural economies. As the energy landscape evolves, renewable fuels provide a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":13577,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1574,1587,1594,1843,1844,28,33,34,35,1283,1286,1414],"tags":[105,487,2236,2237],"class_list":["post-13576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-north-america","category-canada","category-esg-investment","category-green-skils","category-green-skills","category-news","category-corporate-sustainability","category-sustainability","category-sustainability-training","category-sustainability-reporting-services","category-strategies-with-an-impact","category-esg-reporting","tag-sustainability","tag-low-carbon-economy","tag-renewable-fuels","tag-u-s-energy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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