{"id":12166,"date":"2025-04-22T10:00:54","date_gmt":"2025-04-22T07:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cse-net.org\/?p=12166"},"modified":"2025-04-16T15:49:00","modified_gmt":"2025-04-16T12:49:00","slug":"eus-2040-climate-target","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cse-net.org\/es\/eus-2040-climate-target\/","title":{"rendered":"Objetivo clim\u00e1tico de la UE para 2040"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cr\u00e9ditos de carbono mundiales: \u00bfun giro estrat\u00e9gico o una arriesgada retirada?<\/h2>\n

A medida que la UE avanza hacia su objetivo clim\u00e1tico para 2040 -una reducci\u00f3n de emisiones del 90% respecto a los niveles de 1990- surge un nuevo debate: \u00bfDeben permitirse los cr\u00e9ditos internacionales de carbono?<\/p>\n

La Comisi\u00f3n Europea est\u00e1 estudiando un importante cambio de pol\u00edtica. Podr\u00eda permitir a los Estados miembros utilizar cr\u00e9ditos de carbono mundiales para compensar algunas emisiones. Esto supondr\u00eda un gran cambio respecto a la pol\u00edtica clim\u00e1tica de la UE, que suele ser \"exclusivamente nacional\".<\/p>\n

Un cambio estrat\u00e9gico bajo presi\u00f3n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Hasta ahora, la estrategia clim\u00e1tica de la UE se ha definido por la acci\u00f3n interna. R\u00e9gimen de comercio de derechos de emisi\u00f3n<\/strong><\/a> reformas, objetivos de energ\u00edas renovables y normativas estrictas han mantenido al bloque centrado en reducir las emisiones en casa. Pero ante la creciente resistencia pol\u00edtica, el aumento de los costes para la industria y otras prioridades, como la defensa y las tensiones comerciales mundiales, la Comisi\u00f3n Europea parece buscar una v\u00eda m\u00e1s flexible.<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan el Comisario de Clima de la UE, Wopke Hoekstra, el recorte de emisiones de 90% sigue siendo el \"punto de partida\" de las negociaciones. Sin embargo, algunas fuentes confirman que la Comisi\u00f3n est\u00e1 evaluando si un objetivo nacional ligeramente reducido -completado con cr\u00e9ditos de carbono internacionales- podr\u00eda cumplir el objetivo global para 2040.<\/p>\n

Este enfoque de doble v\u00eda podr\u00eda servir a m\u00faltiples objetivos: ofrecer a las industrias opciones rentables, desbloquear una financiaci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica vital para el Sur Global y mantener intacto el consenso pol\u00edtico. Por ejemplo, los cr\u00e9ditos de carbono podr\u00edan financiar la restauraci\u00f3n de bosques en Brasil o proyectos de energ\u00eda limpia en el \u00c1frica subsahariana.<\/p>\n

La promesa del art\u00edculo 6<\/strong><\/h3>\n

La propuesta se basa en el art\u00edculo 6 del Acuerdo de Par\u00eds, que establece un mercado mundial para el comercio de carbono. En teor\u00eda, los resultados de mitigaci\u00f3n transferidos internacionalmente (ITMO) podr\u00edan reducir las emisiones. Tambi\u00e9n podr\u00edan ayudar a los pa\u00edses m\u00e1s pobres a financiar el desarrollo sostenible.<\/p>\n

Se est\u00e1n desarrollando nuevas salvaguardias de la ONU. Entre ellas figuran normas para evitar la doble contabilidad y proteger la integridad medioambiental. Sus defensores afirman que es hora de reincorporarse al mercado mundial del carbono de forma responsable. Grupos de reflexi\u00f3n como el ERCST afirman que los pa\u00edses en desarrollo quieren financiaci\u00f3n para el clima. La UE podr\u00eda liderar la creaci\u00f3n de un sistema mundial de compensaci\u00f3n cre\u00edble.<\/p>\n

Una historia que persigue<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Pero los cr\u00edticos advierten de que la UE puede estar a punto de repetir errores del pasado.<\/p>\n

Entre 2008 y 2020, la UE permiti\u00f3 el uso de m\u00e1s de 1.600 millones de cr\u00e9ditos de carbono internacionales en el marco del RCCDE. Muchos de estos cr\u00e9ditos, procedentes de mecanismos como el Mecanismo de Desarrollo Limpio (MDL) del Protocolo de Kioto, resultaron ser muy defectuosos: carec\u00edan de permanencia, adicionalidad o incluso de la transparencia b\u00e1sica. \u00bfCu\u00e1l fue el resultado? Manipulaci\u00f3n del mercado, ca\u00edda de los precios del carbono y una ralentizaci\u00f3n de casi una d\u00e9cada de la acci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica nacional.<\/p>\n

En 2013, la UE prohibi\u00f3 totalmente los cr\u00e9ditos internacionales en su RCCDE, alegando fraude, escasa integridad medioambiental y una dr\u00e1stica disminuci\u00f3n de su eficacia. Cr\u00edticos como Linda Kalcher, de Strategic Perspectives, temen que la UE est\u00e9 olvidando las duras lecciones de aquel periodo.<\/p>\n

\"La lista de esc\u00e1ndalos relacionados con los cr\u00e9ditos internacionales es larga\", advierte. \"Fraude, falta de integridad medioambiental y el dr\u00e1stico desplome del precio del CO\u2082 en la UE\".<\/p>\n

Contraataque cient\u00edfico<\/strong><\/h4>\n

M\u00e1s all\u00e1 de la controversia pol\u00edtica, los expertos cient\u00edficos tambi\u00e9n se han pronunciado. El Consejo Europeo de Asesoramiento Cient\u00edfico sobre el Cambio Clim\u00e1tico (ESABCC) recomienda reducir las emisiones entre 90 y 95% de aqu\u00ed a 2040 \u00fanicamente mediante reducciones nacionales, y advierte de que las compensaciones y absorciones no deben sustituir a las reducciones de emisiones reales y verificables.<\/p>\n

Grupos ecologistas como Carbon Market Watch han calificado la posible medida de \"retraso peligroso\" en la acci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica que se necesita urgentemente. Afirman que permitir compensaciones internacionales baratas puede debilitar la ambici\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica de la UE, retrasar la innovaci\u00f3n y desincentivar la inversi\u00f3n en tecnolog\u00edas limpias y empleos verdes en Europa.<\/p>\n

Supresiones frente a reducciones: \u00bfUn falso compromiso?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

El debate tambi\u00e9n aborda la creciente dependencia de la UE de la eliminaci\u00f3n de carbono, ya sea mediante sumideros naturales o tecnolog\u00edas emergentes. Sin embargo, ante la reducci\u00f3n del sumidero de carbono terrestre de la UE y las grandes incertidumbres sobre la escalabilidad de soluciones como la bioenerg\u00eda con captura y almacenamiento de carbono (BECCS), los expertos advierten del peligro de depender demasiado de ellas para cumplir los objetivos netos.<\/p>\n

En su lugar, muchos piden a la Comisi\u00f3n que establezca objetivos claros y separados: uno para la reducci\u00f3n bruta de emisiones, otro para el secuestro en tierra y un tercero para las eliminaciones permanentes, garantizando la responsabilidad y la claridad en la forma en que Europa cumple su compromiso de cero emisiones netas.<\/p>\n

El camino por recorrer<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Se espera que la Comisi\u00f3n Europea haga p\u00fablica su propuesta formal sobre el clima para 2040 antes del verano. Cualquier decisi\u00f3n final requerir\u00e1 el respaldo del Parlamento Europeo y de los 27 Estados miembros. Con las elecciones en el horizonte y el agravamiento de las discrepancias pol\u00edticas, el expediente clim\u00e1tico est\u00e1 a punto de convertirse en uno de los asuntos m\u00e1s pol\u00e9micos de la UE en 2025.<\/p>\n

Lo que est\u00e1 en juego es algo m\u00e1s que un objetivo. Es una prueba para la credibilidad clim\u00e1tica de la UE. \u00bfMantendr\u00e1 el bloque su liderazgo en la lucha contra el cambio clim\u00e1tico? \u00bfO cambiar\u00e1 ambici\u00f3n por flexibilidad, arriesgando tanto la integridad medioambiental como la confianza mundial?<\/p>\n

En palabras de Carbon Market Watch: \"El planeta no puede permitirse que la UE abandone su liderazgo clim\u00e1tico en un momento en que otras partes del mundo est\u00e1n retrocediendo\".<\/em><\/p>\n

Asista a nuestro pr\u00f3ximo Europa | Programa para Profesionales Certificados en Sostenibilidad (ESG), Edici\u00f3n Avanzada 2025<\/a>, <\/strong>los d\u00edas 25, 26 y 27 de junio para mantenerse informado sobre la evoluci\u00f3n de las pol\u00edticas clim\u00e1ticas, como el posible cambio de la UE hacia los cr\u00e9ditos internacionales de carbono, que podr\u00eda remodelar las estrategias mundiales de sostenibilidad.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Global Carbon Credits\u2014A Strategic Pivot or a Risky Retreat? As the EU moves toward its 2040 climate goal\u2014a 90% cut in emissions from 1990 levels\u2014a new debate is emerging: Should international carbon credits be allowed? The European Commission is considering a major policy shift. It may let member states use global carbon credits to offset […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":12167,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34,35,1283,1286,1414,1594,1778,1834,1835,1844,1901,1926,1927,2006,28,33],"tags":[221,531,612,1163,1184,1511,2007,2008,2009,56,88],"class_list":["post-12166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sustainability","category-sustainability-training","category-sustainability-reporting-services","category-strategies-with-an-impact","category-esg-reporting","category-esg-investment","category-europe","category-uk","category-united-kingdom","category-green-skills","category-csrd","category-esrs","category-csddd","category-responsible-corporate-communication","category-news","category-corporate-sustainability","tag-sustainability-training","tag-corporate-responsibility-and-corporate-communications","tag-esg-strategy","tag-csrd","tag-esg-standards","tag-csddd","tag-guide","tag-regulatory-changes","tag-emissions-trading-system","tag-corporate-sustainability","tag-esg-ratings"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEU\u2019s 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